Leptospirosis, often called “lepto,” is a serious bacterial infection that affects both animals and people. In British Columbia, especially in wetter regions and urban areas with abundant wildlife, we’re seeing more cases of canine leptospirosis every year.
At Benson View Veterinary Hospital, we want pet owners to understand how this disease spreads, what signs to watch for, and—most importantly—how to protect your dog.

What Is Leptospirosis?

Leptospirosis is caused by spiral-shaped bacteria called Leptospira. These bacteria are shed in the urine of infected animals, such as raccoons, rats, skunks, and deer.
Dogs can become infected when they drink, swim in, or walk through contaminated water or soil. Even a small cut or exposure through the eyes, nose, or mouth can allow infection to occur.
Because leptospirosis is zoonotic, it can also spread to humans—making prevention essential for the whole family.

Why Is Lepto a Concern in BC?

British Columbia’s mild, wet climate provides the perfect breeding ground for Leptospira bacteria. Puddles, ponds, and damp soil can harbor the organism for weeks or even months.
Across BC—including the Lower Mainland, Okanagan, and Vancouver Island—veterinary clinics have reported a rise in canine leptospirosis cases, including recent cases in Victoria and Nanaimo. Even city dogs are at risk, as rats and other urban wildlife can carry and spread the bacteria.

Signs and Symptoms in Dogs
Leptospirosis can cause a wide range of symptoms, from mild illness to life-threatening organ failure. Some dogs may appear only a little “off” at first. Watch for signs such as:

• Fever or general tiredness
• Loss of appetite
• Vomiting and diarrhea
• Muscle pain or stiffness
• Increased or decreased urination
• Yellowing of the gums or eyes (jaundice)
• Bleeding or bruising

Because these signs overlap with other illnesses, prompt veterinary attention is crucial. Without early treatment, leptospirosis can lead to severe kidney or liver damage.

Diagnosis and Treatment

If your veterinarian suspects leptospirosis, they will recommend blood and urine testing, and may perform imaging to evaluate your dog’s organs.
Treatment often includes:

• Antibiotics to clear the infection
• IV fluids to support the kidneys
• Hospital care for monitoring in more serious cases

With quick treatment, many dogs recover fully. However, some may have lasting kidney or liver changes, and Leptospirosis can be fatal in cases where liver and kidney damage has occurred so early detection is key.

Prevention: Protecting Your Dog (and Your Family)

Leptospirosis is largely preventable with the right care and precautions:

1. Vaccinate:
   The leptospirosis vaccine is safe and effective against the strains most common in BC. At Benson View Veterinary Hospital, we consider the lepto vaccine to be a core vaccine, and it is recommended for all dogs. Our team can help you assess your dog’s individual risk and create a vaccination schedule that fits their lifestyle.
2. Avoid stagnant water:
   Try to prevent your dog from drinking out of puddles or ditches, especially after heavy rain.
3. Discourage rodents:
   Secure garbage and don’t leave pet food outside. Reducing rodent activity helps lower exposure risk.
4. Practice good hygiene:
   Wash your hands after handling your dog—especially if your pet has been ill or exposed to contaminated environments.

In Summary

Leptospirosis is a serious but preventable disease that continues to affect dogs across British Columbia. With vaccination, awareness, and a little caution, you can help keep your dog healthy—and your family safe.

Have questions about leptospirosis or your dog’s vaccines?
Call Benson View Veterinary Hospital today. Our team is here to help keep your pets protected all year long.